Excretory Products And Their Elimination Assertion Reason Quiz Part 3

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MIUN Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank

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Created by Mendel Gregor

Excretory Products and their Elimination Assertion–Reason Quiz 3

1 / 20

1. A: While the filtrate is ascending in the loop of Henle, there is no change in the amount of filtrate.
R: Hence, the filtrate is neither diluted nor concentrated here.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true as a logical inference from NCERT. NCERT states that the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water. Therefore, the amount (volume) of filtrate remains essentially unchanged while it ascends.
The Reason is false. NCERT states that the ascending limb is permeable to electrolytes. As NaCl is reabsorbed without water, the filtrate becomes progressively diluted while ascending. Therefore, it is incorrect to state that the filtrate is neither diluted nor concentrated.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between the amount (volume) of filtrate and its concentration. It encourages careful reasoning that a constant volume does not necessarily imply a constant concentration.

2 / 20

2. A: The DCT is known as the conditional reabsorption unit.
R: Its cells have receptors for various hormones.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT does not describe the DCT as the “conditional reabsorption unit.” Although the DCT carries out hormonally regulated reabsorption, this terminology is not used in NCERT.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the DCT is responsive to hormones such as aldosterone, ADH, and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), indicating that its cells possess receptors for these hormones.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between a valid physiological concept and an unofficial term. It encourages them to infer that hormonal regulation requires cellular receptors, while avoiding the acceptance of terminology that is not used in NCERT.

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3. A: Reabsorption of water also occurs passively in the later segments of the nephron.
R: Water reabsorption is always by osmosis and often driven by active transport of solutes, especially sodium.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that reabsorption of water also occurs passively in the later segments of the tubule.
The Reason is true. Water moves across biological membranes by osmosis, which is a passive process. The movement of water is driven by osmotic gradients that are commonly established by the transport of solutes, especially sodium ions. Therefore, water reabsorption remains a passive process even when it follows active solute transport.
Thus, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to analyse the word “always” rather than memorise isolated facts. It reinforces that water transport is invariably passive (osmosis), irrespective of the nephron segment. Students are also encouraged to infer that the phrase “also occurs passively in the later segments” implies that passive water reabsorption occurs in other segments of the nephron as well. The question develops conceptual reasoning by linking active solute transport with the passive osmotic movement of water, instead of promoting rote learning.

4 / 20

4. A: PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium.
R: It increases the surface area of the tubular portion of the nephron, an adaptation for maximising the resorption.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush-border epithelium.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the brush border increases the surface area for reabsorption. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the significance of the brush-border epithelium in the PCT.
Pedagogical Value
This question helps students relate the histological structure of the PCT to its physiological function, reinforcing that structural adaptations are closely linked to efficient reabsorption.

5 / 20

5. A: As the concentrated filtrate passes upward through the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it does not get diluted.
R: Meanwhile, the volume of the filtrate does not change because this region is impermeable to water.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows the transport of electrolytes. As NaCl is reabsorbed without water, the filtrate becomes progressively diluted, not concentrated.
The Reason is true. Since the ascending limb is impermeable to water, water does not leave this segment. Hence, the filtrate volume remains essentially unchanged while electrolytes are reabsorbed.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to distinguish between the concentration of the filtrate and its volume. It addresses the common misconception that if the volume does not change, the concentration must also remain unchanged.

6 / 20

6. A: Tubular secretion helps in the regulation of blood pH.
R: If blood is more acidic than the normal threshold, PCT and DCT secretes proton.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that tubular secretion helps maintain the ionic and acid–base balance of body fluids.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the PCT and DCT selectively secrete H⁺ to maintain the pH and ionic balance of body fluids. Therefore, the secretion of H⁺ during increased blood acidity is one mechanism by which tubular secretion helps regulate blood pH.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to connect the general function of tubular secretion with a specific physiological mechanism. It reinforces that the kidneys regulate blood pH by selectively secreting hydrogen ions when required.

7 / 20

7. A: Large amounts of water can be reabsorbed from the collecting region to produce concentrated urine.
R: The amount of water reabsorbed in the collecting region cannot be greater than that reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that large amounts of water can be reabsorbed from the collecting duct under the influence of ADH, thereby producing concentrated urine.
The Reason is true as a logical inference. NCERT states that the PCT reabsorbs 70–80% of the glomerular filtrate, making it the major site of reabsorption. Therefore, the water reabsorbed in the collecting region cannot exceed that reabsorbed in the PCT.
However, this does not explain the Assertion. The production of concentrated urine depends on ADH-mediated water reabsorption in the collecting region, not on its reabsorption being less than that of the PCT.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to distinguish between the absolute amount of water reabsorbed and the physiological significance of that reabsorption. It reinforces that the collecting region can reabsorb large amounts of water for urine concentration even though the PCT remains the major site of water reabsorption.

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8. A: Animals without a well-developed loop of Henle cannot produce concentrated urine.
R: Their nephrons do not have a well-developed loop of Henle.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that mammals have a well-developed loop of Henle and can produce concentrated urine, whereas Henle’s loop is very short and extends only a little into the medulla in cortical nephrons. Amphibians lack a well-developed loop of Henle and, therefore, cannot produce highly concentrated urine.
The Reason is true. A well-developed loop of Henle is essential for establishing the medullary osmotic gradient required for urine concentration. Thus, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to relate the development of the loop of Henle to the ability to concentrate urine. It reinforces that anatomical adaptations are directly linked to physiological function.

9 / 20

9. A: Human kidneys are not only organs of excretion.
R: They perform many other functions.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that, besides excretion, the kidneys regulate osmolarity, ionic balance, acid–base balance, blood pressure, and also perform endocrine functions.
The Reason is true. Since the kidneys perform several functions in addition to excretion, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question reminds students that the kidneys are multifunctional organs, not merely organs of excretion. It encourages them to appreciate the diverse physiological roles of the kidneys rather than limiting their understanding to urine formation.

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10. A: Water reabsorption is minimal (actually absent) in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
R: NaCl reabsorption is maximum in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the ascending limb allows the transport of NaCl. However, NaCl reabsorption is not the reason for the absence of water reabsorption. The absence of water reabsorption is due to the water impermeability of the ascending limb.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between two properties occurring in the same nephron segment and avoid assuming that one necessarily causes the other. It specifically addresses the common misconception that NaCl reabsorption should automatically be accompanied by water reabsorption.

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11. A: The basolateral surfaces of the simple cuboidal epithelium of the PCT have a greater surface area.
R: The PCT has simple cuboidal brush-border epithelium.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush-border epithelium, which increases the surface area for reabsorption. The brush border is associated with one surface of the epithelial cell, not the basolateral surfaces.
The Reason is true. NCERT explicitly states that the PCT has simple cuboidal brush-border epithelium.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to analyse the wording carefully rather than relying solely on memorising “brush-border epithelium.” It rewards those who notice that the clue lies in the word “basolateral surfaces”, promoting conscious reading instead of blind guessing.

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12. A: The kidneys have built-in mechanisms for the regulation of blood pressure.
R: One such efficient mechanism is carried out by JGA.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

The Reason correctly explains the Assertion because the phrase “one such” indicates that the JGA is one of several built-in mechanisms involved in renal regulation. Although NCERT discusses only the JGA in detail, its wording suggests that renal regulation is more complex than a single mechanism.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to pay close attention to the language of NCERT, particularly the significance of the phrases “mechanisms” and “one such.” It teaches students to infer that the JGA is presented as one example of the kidney’s regulatory mechanisms, rather than assuming it is the only mechanism. The question promotes careful reading and appreciation of how NCERT subtly conveys broader physiological complexity.

13 / 20

13. A: The PCT also helps maintain the pH of body fluids.
R: In addition to reabsorption, it can selectively secrete hydrogen ions (H⁺) and ammonia (NH₃) into the filtrate.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the PCT helps maintain the pH and ionic balance of body fluids.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that, in addition to reabsorption, the PCT selectively secretes hydrogen ions (H⁺) and ammonia (NH₃) into the filtrate. This secretion contributes to the maintenance of the pH of body fluids. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question helps students connect the general function of the PCT (maintenance of pH) with the specific mechanism (selective secretion of H⁺ and NH₃). It reinforces mechanistic understanding rather than isolated memorisation.

14 / 20

14. A: A collecting duct is a long duct.
R: It extends from the cortex of the kidney to the inner part of the medulla.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that many collecting ducts converge and continue through the renal medulla to open into the renal pelvis. Thus, a collecting duct extends through a considerable length of the kidney.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the collecting duct extends from the cortex of the kidney to the inner part of the medulla. This anatomical course explains why it is a long duct.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to infer the relative length of the collecting duct from its anatomical course rather than memorising it as an isolated fact. It reinforces the ability to visualise the three-dimensional organisation of the nephron and collecting system.

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15. A: The collecting duct of the nephron regulates blood pH.
R: The collecting duct can selectively secrete the protons.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the collecting duct plays a role in the maintenance of the pH and ionic balance of blood.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the collecting duct maintains the pH and ionic balance of blood by the selective secretion of H⁺ and K⁺ ions.
Since the selective secretion of H⁺ ions by the collecting duct contributes to the maintenance of blood pH, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question reinforces the functional significance of the collecting duct in maintaining acid–base balance. It encourages students to connect a physiological function (blood pH regulation) with its underlying mechanism (selective H⁺ secretion).

16 / 20

16. A: On average, 1,100–1,200 mL of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute, though this direct NCERT statement is logically imprecise.
R: The renal blood flow (renal perfusion) is about 1,100–1,200 mL/min, whereas only a fraction of the plasma is subjected to filtration.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is a direct statement from NCERT. Therefore, it is accepted as true in the context of the textbook.
The Reason is also true. Physiologically, the kidneys receive about 1,100–1,200 mL of blood per minute (renal blood flow), but only the plasma fraction is subjected to filtration, resulting in a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of about 125 mL/min.
The Reason does not explain the Assertion because the Assertion reproduces the textbook wording, whereas the Reason provides a more physiologically precise interpretation of renal filtration.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to read NCERT consciously rather than mechanically. It integrates concepts from Body Fluids and Circulation and Excretory Products and Their Elimination, prompting them to distinguish between blood, plasma, and glomerular filtrate. The objective is to appreciate the difference between a pedagogically simplified NCERT statement and its physiologically precise interpretation, thereby fostering scientific reasoning and cross-chapter conceptual integration.

17 / 20

17. A: Nearly 99% of the filtrate has to be reabsorbed by the renal tubules, and large amount of urea is excreted through the kidneys.
R: Terrestrial adaptation necessitated the conservation of water. This is one reason.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that nearly 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules. It also states that the kidneys excrete 25–30 g of urea per day, whereas small amounts of urea are excreted through sweat and saliva. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that most urea is excreted through the kidneys.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that terrestrial adaptation necessitated the conservation of water. This is one reason for the extensive reabsorption of the filtrate by the renal tubules.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to derive a conclusion by integrating multiple NCERT statements instead of relying on a single sentence. It also teaches that the phrase “one reason” indicates that the Reason may explain only part of the Assertion, which is sufficient for establishing the correct Assertion–Reason relationship.

18 / 20

18. A: Both convoluted tubules of all nephrons are present either in the cortex or in the medulla.
R: In some nephrons, the loop of Henle extends deep into the renal medulla.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the PCT and DCT are situated in the cortical region of the kidney. They are not present either in the cortex or in the medulla.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that in juxtamedullary nephrons, the loop of Henle extends deep into the renal medulla.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to distinguish between the convoluted tubules (PCT and DCT) and the loop of Henle. It reinforces that only the loop of Henle extends into the medulla in juxtamedullary nephrons, whereas the convoluted tubules remain confined to the cortex.

19 / 20

19. A: The tubular portion of all nephrons starts in the renal cortex and ends in the renal pelvis.
R: The tubular portion of all nephrons releases the urine/filtrate into the pelvis.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the renal tubule ends by forming a junction with a collecting duct, not the renal pelvis.
The Reason is false. The collecting ducts, not the renal tubules of individual nephrons, ultimately convey urine towards the renal pelvis. Thus, the tubular portion of a nephron does not release urine/filtrate directly into the renal pelvis.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can correctly trace the pathway of the filtrate through the nephron and collecting system. It helps distinguish the renal tubule from the collecting duct and prevents students from assuming that the nephron extends up to the renal pelvis.

20 / 20

20. A: The kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO) when oxygen delivery to tissues decreases.
R: EPO helps restore normal oxygen levels by increasing the red blood cell (RBC) count.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. However, this concept is not discussed in detail in the chapter Excretory Products and Their Elimination. NCERT introduces it in the chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration, where it states that the kidneys also perform endocrine functions by producing erythropoietin (EPO) in response to decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
The Reason is true. Although NCERT does not elaborate on the complete mechanism, it is reasonable to infer that EPO increases the RBC count, thereby improving the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and helping restore normal oxygen delivery to the tissues.
Thus, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to connect information from Chemical Coordination and Integration with the circulatory and excretory systems. Rather than relying on rote memorisation, it rewards evidence-based speculation from NCERT. Students who recognise that reduced oxygen delivery should logically stimulate a mechanism to improve oxygen transport can correctly infer the role of EPO in increasing the RBC count. The objective is to cultivate scientific reasoning rather than blind guessing.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank

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Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs

Excretory Products and their Elimination is a crucial topic for NEET aspirants. Let’s explore why it’s important:

“Excretory Products and their Elimination” is another crucial topic for NEET preparation. This topic focuses on the processes by which organisms eliminate waste products from their bodies and maintain internal homeostasis. Here’s why it’s important:

Waste Elimination: NEET often covers the various waste products generated by metabolic processes in organisms, including ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, and water. Understanding how these waste products are produced and eliminated is essential for comprehending overall metabolic processes.
Excretory Organs and Structures: NEET may include questions about the excretory organs and structures responsible for removing waste products from the body. This includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra (in humans), as well as other excretory organs in different organisms.
Kidney Function: A significant portion of the NEET syllabus focuses on the structure and function of the kidneys, which play a central role in filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and excreting waste products in urine. Candidates are expected to understand the processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
Formation of Urine: NEET may cover the process by which urine is formed in the kidneys, including filtration of blood plasma, selective reabsorption of water and solutes, and secretion of additional substances into the urine. Understanding these processes is crucial for comprehending kidney function.
Osmoregulation and Water Balance: NEET may include questions about osmoregulation, the regulation of water and solute concentrations in the body, and how excretory organs maintain water balance and osmotic pressure. This includes understanding the role of hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone.
Excretory Systems in Different Organisms: NEET may cover excretory systems in various organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. Candidates should be familiar with the diversity of excretory structures and mechanisms across different species.
Excretory Disorders and Diseases: Knowledge of common excretory disorders and diseases, such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, renal failure, and diabetes insipidus, is essential for NEET. Candidates should understand the underlying causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for these conditions.

In summary, “Excretory Products and their Elimination” is an important topic for NEET preparation because it covers fundamental aspects of waste elimination, kidney function, osmoregulation, and excretory systems in organisms. Understanding this topic is essential for aspiring medical and dental students to succeed in the exam and pursue careers in healthcare.

Mastering this topic will enhance your overall understanding of human physiology. Best of luck with your NEET preparation! 🌟🩺📚

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