Excretory Products And Their Elimination Assertion Reason Quiz Part 2

MIUN BIO360 COURSE

MIUN Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank

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Created by Mendel Gregor

Excretory Products and their Elimination Assertion–Reason Quiz 2

1 / 20

1. A: The vasa recta shows a closer proximity to the PCT.
R: Proximal is derived from Latin and means closer to the point of origin or the centre of the body.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the vasa recta runs parallel to the loop of Henle in the medulla. It is not described as being in closer proximity to the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
The Reason is true. The term proximal means closer to the point of origin. However, this explains the meaning of the word proximal and does not provide any information about the anatomical relationship between the vasa recta and the PCT.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to distinguish between the meaning of anatomical terminology and the actual anatomical relationships described in NCERT. It also discourages drawing conclusions merely because a familiar term such as proximal appears in the question.

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2. A: Both descending limb of vasa recta and loop of Henle are in close proximity.
R: This is known as counter current multiplier (two counter current multiply the efficiency).
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the vasa recta runs parallel to the loop of Henle, but it does not imply that the descending limbs of both structures are adjacent. In the countercurrent arrangement, oppositely directed limbs lie alongside each other.
The Reason is false. NCERT states that the loop of Henle acts as the countercurrent multiplier, whereas the vasa recta acts as the countercurrent exchanger. The close proximity of the two structures is not termed the countercurrent multiplier.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can correctly visualise the anatomical arrangement of the loop of Henle and the vasa recta, instead of assuming that similarly named limbs lie together. It also reinforces the distinction between countercurrent multiplier and countercurrent exchanger.

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3. A: Excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate the osmoreceptors present in the hypothalamus.
R: Hypothalamic neurosecretory cells synthesise ADH
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that excessive loss of body fluid activates the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
The Reason is true. Although this is described in detail in the chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration, NCERT states that ADH is synthesised by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. Activation of the hypothalamic osmoreceptors ultimately leads to ADH synthesis and its subsequent release from the posterior pituitary, helping conserve water. However, the Reason does not explain the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to connect osmoreceptor activation in the excretory system with the neuroendocrine control of ADH described in Chemical Coordination and Integration. It reinforces the integration of physiology across NCERT chapters rather than isolated memorisation.

4 / 20

4. A: Angiotensin and ACTH show some functional similarity with ADH.
R: Angiotensin activates the adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT assigns different primary functions to ADH, angiotensin II and ACTH. While all may be involved, directly or indirectly, in maintaining circulatory homeostasis, they do not perform functionally similar roles.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex and stimulates the release of aldosterone.
Revised Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students distinguish between participating in the same physiological process and having the same function. Hormones may contribute to a common outcome (maintenance of blood volume and blood pressure) while performing distinct physiological roles.

5 / 20

5. A: Both ADH and aldosterone can act on the collecting duct and concentrate the urine.
R: Both ADH and aldosterone are peptide hormones, and their receptors are present in the collecting duct cells.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true as a logical inference. NCERT states that ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct, producing concentrated urine. NCERT also states that aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na⁺ and water in the renal tubules. Thus, both hormones contribute to urine concentration.
The Reason is false. ADH is a peptide hormone, whereas aldosterone is a steroid hormone. Therefore, the statement that both are peptide hormones is incorrect.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students distinguish between the physiological effects of hormones and their chemical nature. It reinforces that two hormones may produce related physiological outcomes while belonging to entirely different hormone classes.

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6. A: PCT, DCT, and the collecting duct can regulate urine pH.
R: They all are capable of secreting protons into the filtrate/urine.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

Correct NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the PCT, DCT, and collecting duct all play a role in maintaining the pH and ionic balance of blood.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the collecting duct plays a role in maintaining pH and ionic balance by the selective secretion of H⁺ and K⁺ ions. NCERT also states that the PCT and DCT secrete H⁺ ions into the filtrate.
Since the secretion of H⁺ ions by these nephron segments contributes to the regulation of urine pH, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students recognise that multiple nephron segments (PCT, DCT and collecting duct) contribute to acid–base regulation. It discourages restricting pH regulation only to the PCT and DCT and reinforces the coordinated role of different nephron segments.

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7. A: The flow of filtrate is reversed in the ascending limb.
R: This forms a countercurrent.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the filtrate flows in opposite directions in the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle. The flow itself is not reversed in the ascending limb.
The Reason is false. Here, “This” refers to the incorrect statement in the Assertion. A countercurrent is formed because the filtrate flows in opposite directions in the two limbs, not because the flow is reversed in the ascending limb.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students distinguish between reversal of flow and opposite directions of flow. It also encourages careful interpretation of the referential word “This”, preventing students from accepting a Reason merely because the final conclusion sounds familiar.

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8. A: The bladder is surrounded by smooth muscles.
R: Oxytocin stimulates their contraction.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium and is surrounded by smooth muscles.
The Reason is false. NCERT states that micturition is under the control of the neural mechanism (micturition reflex). It does not state that oxytocin stimulates contraction of the urinary bladder muscles. Oxytocin is primarily associated with uterine contraction and milk ejection, not with the regulation of micturition.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between hormonal regulation and neural regulation. It discourages the common misconception that every smooth muscle is controlled by hormones such as oxytocin.

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9. A: Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is antagonistic to the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
R: The ANF function is just the opposite of the effects of rennin.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) acts as a check on the renin–angiotensin mechanism.
The Reason is false. The term “rennin” does not refer to renin, the enzyme involved in the renin–angiotensin mechanism. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students carefully distinguish between renin and rennin, two similarly spelled but entirely different biological terms. It reinforces the importance of precise scientific spelling and discourages answering based solely on familiar-looking words.

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10. A: Blood volume is inversly proportional to its pressure.
R: Boyle’s law states that if the volume increases, the pressure decreases.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that a decrease in blood volume or blood pressure stimulates the release of ADH, indicating that blood volume and blood pressure generally vary in the same direction, not inversely.
The Reason is true. Boyle’s law states that, for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. However, this law applies to gases and cannot be directly applied to the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure in the circulatory system.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between a physical law applicable to gases and the physiological relationship between blood volume and blood pressure. It discourages the inappropriate transfer of concepts from physics to biology.

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11. A: The collecting duct and some regions of Henle loop are permeable to urea.
R: Urea is osmotically active.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the collecting duct is permeable to urea and that some urea enters the thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thereby contributing to the maintenance of the medullary osmotic gradient.
The Reason is true. Urea is an osmotically active substance.
However, the Reason does not explain the Assertion. The permeability of the collecting duct and parts of the loop of Henle to urea is a structural and physiological property of these nephron segments, not simply because urea is osmotically active.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between a property of a molecule (being osmotically active) and the physiological basis of its transport across specific nephron segments. It discourages assuming that every true property is the reason for a physiological process.

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12. A: Maximum reabsorption of NaCl takes place in the loop of Henle, where water is permeable.
R: In its descending limb, the epithelial cells are modified to transport NaCl into the medullary interstitium.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the maximum reabsorption of NaCl occurs in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, whereas water permeability is a characteristic of the descending limb.
The Reason is false. NCERT states that the ascending limb is specialised for the transport of NaCl into the medullary interstitium. The descending limb is almost impermeable to electrolytes.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can clearly distinguish the properties of the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle. It discourages the common error of transferring the function of one limb to the other simply because both are parts of the same loop.

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13. A: The flow of filtrate through the two limbs of the vasa recta is also in a countercurrent pattern.
R: The countercurrent pattern in the vasa recta alone helps in the concentration of urine.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. The vasa recta carries blood, not filtrate.
The Reason is false. NCERT states that the countercurrent mechanisms involving both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta help maintain the medullary osmotic gradient, which is essential for the concentration of urine. Therefore, the vasa recta alone is not responsible.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students correctly distinguish between blood flow and filtrate flow, and whether they recognise that both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta contribute to the countercurrent mechanism. It discourages overlooking critical words such as “filtrate” and “alone.”

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14. A: The collecting duct depends on ADH for water reabsorption from the filtrate.
R: In the absence of ADH, it is impermeable to water.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the collecting duct allows reabsorption of large amounts of water only in the presence of ADH, thereby producing concentrated urine.
The Reason is true. In the absence of ADH, the collecting duct is essentially impermeable to water, so very little water is reabsorbed from this segment. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question helps students understand that water reabsorption in the collecting duct is hormone-dependent. It reinforces the role of ADH in regulating water permeability rather than encouraging rote memorisation of nephron functions.

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15. A: ADH is released when the blood volume is more.
R: ADH helps reduce the blood volume by preventing the formation of dilute urine.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that a decrease in blood volume stimulates the release of ADH.
The Reason is false. NCERT states that ADH prevents the formation of dilute urine by increasing water reabsorption, thereby helping restore blood volume, not reducing it.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students correctly identify the stimulus for ADH release and its physiological effect. It discourages the common mistake of reversing the direction of a homeostatic response.

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16. A: The renin–angiotensin mechanism is a complex one.
R: Many organs and hormones are involved in regulating blood volume and blood pressure.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true as a logical inference. NCERT describes the renin–angiotensin mechanism as involving the kidneys, liver, lungs, adrenal cortex, aldosterone and other regulatory factors, indicating that it is a coordinated physiological mechanism.
The Reason is true. NCERT describes the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure as involving multiple organs and hormones, including the renin–angiotensin mechanism, ADH and ANF.
Since the renin–angiotensin mechanism functions through the coordinated action of multiple organs and hormones, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to view the renin–angiotensin mechanism as part of a broader homeostatic network rather than as the action of a single hormone or organ. It reinforces the concept of physiological coordination in maintaining blood volume and blood pressure.

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17. A: The kidneys have the ability to produce urine with an osmolarity of approximately 1200 mOsmol L⁻¹.
R: The initial filtrate has an osmolarity of approximately 300 mOsmol L⁻¹.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the human kidneys can produce urine with a maximum osmolarity of about 1200 mOsmol L⁻¹.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that the initial filtrate formed is isotonic to plasma, with an osmolarity of about 300 mOsmol L⁻¹.
However, the Reason does not explain the Assertion. The ability to produce highly concentrated urine depends on the countercurrent mechanism and the medullary osmotic gradient, not merely on the osmolarity of the initial filtrate.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to distinguish between the osmolarity of the initial filtrate and the osmolarity of the final urine. It reinforces that urine concentration is achieved during its passage through the nephron rather than being determined by the initial filtrate.

18 / 20

18. A: The walls of the urinary bladder are innervated by sensory and motor neurons.
R: They send signals to the CNS and also receive signals from the CNS.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the walls of the urinary bladder are innervated by sensory and motor nerves.
The Reason is true. Sensory nerves carry signals from the bladder to the CNS when it is stretched, while motor nerves carry signals from the CNS to the bladder and urethral sphincters during micturition.
Since the presence of both sensory and motor innervation enables communication to and from the CNS, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question helps students relate the presence of sensory and motor innervation to its functional role in micturition. It reinforces that neural communication is bidirectional, with sensory input to the CNS and motor output from the CNS.

19 / 20

19. A: Angiotensin II shows some functional similarity with ADH.
R: Both are vasoconstrictors.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true as a logical inference. NCERT states that angiotensin II increases blood pressure, while ADH promotes water reabsorption, thereby helping restore blood volume and blood pressure. Thus, both contribute to maintaining circulatory homeostasis.
The Reason is true as a physiological fact. Both angiotensin II and ADH (vasopressin) possess vasoconstrictor activity.
However, the Reason does not explain the functional similarity intended in the Assertion. The principal similarity being tested is their role in restoring blood pressure and maintaining body fluid homeostasis, not merely their shared vasoconstrictor property.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to distinguish between similar physiological outcomes and similar mechanisms of action. It reinforces that two hormones may contribute to the same homeostatic goal through different primary mechanisms.

20 / 20

20. A: If a person’s blood is more acidic, the urine may become more acidic.
R: This is a compensatory response, as hydrogen ions (H⁺) are transferred from the blood to the filtrate/urine, rather than merely reflecting the blood pH.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the PCT and DCT selectively secrete H⁺ and NH₃ to maintain the pH and ionic balance of body fluids.
The Reason is true as a logical inference from NCERT. Increased secretion of H⁺ into the filtrate helps compensate for increased blood acidity, making the urine more acidic. Thus, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to distinguish between a compensatory physiological response and a mere reflection of blood pH. It reinforces that the kidneys actively regulate acid–base balance rather than passively mirroring changes in blood.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank

Step into MIUN, where Biology champions are made! At Miun, we are unwaveringly dedicated to ensuring your success. Our 1430 true or false questions from Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank Questions have been meticulously crafted. These questions are designed by experts specifically for the NEET syllabus based on NCERT alone. They guarantee a comprehensive understanding of each topic.MIUN take pride in cultivating a supportive learning community where every student is empowered to excel with confidence and ease. Join us now and embark on a journey to conquer the NEET with flying colors! NCERT chapter link https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/kebo116.pdf

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Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs

Excretory Products and their Elimination is a crucial topic for NEET aspirants. Let’s explore why it’s important:

“Excretory Products and their Elimination” is another crucial topic for NEET preparation. This topic focuses on the processes by which organisms eliminate waste products from their bodies and maintain internal homeostasis. Here’s why it’s important:

Waste Elimination: NEET often covers the various waste products generated by metabolic processes in organisms, including ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, and water. Understanding how these waste products are produced and eliminated is essential for comprehending overall metabolic processes.
Excretory Organs and Structures: NEET may include questions about the excretory organs and structures responsible for removing waste products from the body. This includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra (in humans), as well as other excretory organs in different organisms.
Kidney Function: A significant portion of the NEET syllabus focuses on the structure and function of the kidneys, which play a central role in filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and excreting waste products in urine. Candidates are expected to understand the processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
Formation of Urine: NEET may cover the process by which urine is formed in the kidneys, including filtration of blood plasma, selective reabsorption of water and solutes, and secretion of additional substances into the urine. Understanding these processes is crucial for comprehending kidney function.
Osmoregulation and Water Balance: NEET may include questions about osmoregulation, the regulation of water and solute concentrations in the body, and how excretory organs maintain water balance and osmotic pressure. This includes understanding the role of hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone.
Excretory Systems in Different Organisms: NEET may cover excretory systems in various organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. Candidates should be familiar with the diversity of excretory structures and mechanisms across different species.
Excretory Disorders and Diseases: Knowledge of common excretory disorders and diseases, such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, renal failure, and diabetes insipidus, is essential for NEET. Candidates should understand the underlying causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for these conditions.

In summary, “Excretory Products and their Elimination” is an important topic for NEET preparation because it covers fundamental aspects of waste elimination, kidney function, osmoregulation, and excretory systems in organisms. Understanding this topic is essential for aspiring medical and dental students to succeed in the exam and pursue careers in healthcare.

Mastering this topic will enhance your overall understanding of human physiology. Best of luck with your NEET preparation! 🌟🩺📚

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