Excretory Products And Their Elimination Assertion Reason Quiz Part 4

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MIUN Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank

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Created by Mendel Gregor

Excretory Products and their Elimination Assertion–Reason Quiz 4

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1. A: The outer layer of the kidney is a tough capsule.
R: The renal capsule may be protective and act as a barrier against trauma.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that each kidney is enclosed in a tough capsule.
The Reason is also true as a logical inference from the NCERT statement. A tough capsule is expected to provide mechanical protection against trauma. Thus, the Reason appropriately explains why the kidney is enclosed by a tough capsule.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to derive the functional significance of the NCERT term “tough capsule” rather than merely memorising it. It promotes conceptual reasoning by linking structure (tough capsule) with its probable function (mechanical protection).

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2. A: In the majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is absent and extends only a little into the medulla.
R: Such nephrons are called cortical nephrons.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that in the majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is short and extends only a little into the medulla. It is not absent.
The Reason is false because it refers to the nephrons described in the Assertion. Since the Assertion incorrectly describes nephrons in which the loop of Henle is absent, they cannot be identified as cortical nephrons. Cortical nephrons possess a short loop of Henle, not an absent one.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students recognise that the Reason depends on the description given in the Assertion. Although cortical nephrons are the majority of nephrons, they are characterised by a short loop of Henle, not the absence of one. It also reinforces careful reading by identifying how a single incorrect word (“absent”) changes the validity of both statements.

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3. A: Each kidney has nearly one million glomeruli.
R: Every nephron (without exception) has a glomerulus.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that each kidney has nearly one million nephrons. Since every nephron contains a glomerulus as part of the Malpighian corpuscle, it follows that each kidney also has nearly one million glomeruli.
The Reason is true. A glomerulus is an integral component of every nephron. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can logically infer the number of glomeruli from the NCERT statement that each kidney contains nearly one million nephrons. It reinforces the one-to-one relationship between a nephron and its glomerulus, encouraging conceptual understanding rather than memorisation.

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4. A: Antennal glands may be named because of their association with the antennae.
R: In addition, they also help in excretion.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
NCERT states that antennal (green) glands are the excretory organs of crustaceans. Although NCERT does not explicitly describe their anatomical relationship with the antennae, the name “antennal gland” reasonably suggests an association with the antennae. The Reason is also true because these glands perform an excretory function. However, the excretory function does not explain the basis of their nomenclature.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to use biological nomenclature as a learning aid rather than relying solely on memorisation. It tests whether they can infer the likely basis of the name “antennal gland” while recognising that its function (excretion) is independent of its nomenclature. It also discourages the assumption that two true statements are necessarily related by cause and effect.

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5. A: In the renal tubule, a double-walled cup-like structure, the glomerulus encloses Bowman’s capsule.
R: This anatomical set-up is essential for the formation of filtrate.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that Bowman’s capsule is a double-walled cup-like structure that encloses the glomerulus, not the other way around.
The Reason is also false because the phrase “This anatomical set-up” refers to the incorrect arrangement described in the Assertion. Filtrate formation requires the correct anatomical arrangement, in which Bowman’s capsule encloses the glomerulus.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students correctly interpret referential words such as “this”. It requires them to recognise that the Reason inherits the incorrect anatomical arrangement described in the Assertion. This assesses careful reading in addition to conceptual understanding.

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6. A: The renal pelvis and the pelvic bone are different.
R: They are named similarly because the root word pelvis means “basin” or “bowl”, which helps in understanding their etymology.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. The renal pelvis is a part of the kidney that collects urine, whereas the pelvic (hip) bone is a component of the skeletal system. They are entirely different anatomical structures.
The Reason is true as an etymological observation. The term pelvis is derived from the Latin word meaning “basin” or “bowl”, which explains why the same root is used in different anatomical contexts.
However, the Reason does not explain why the renal pelvis and the pelvic bone are different. It explains the origin of their names, not their anatomical distinction.
Pedagogical Value
This question encourages students to use word origin (etymology) as a learning tool while recognising that similar terminology does not imply identical structures. It promotes conceptual understanding through biological nomenclature and discourages confusion arising from similar anatomical names.

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7. A: Protonephridia are excretory organs in some animals.
R: They are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that protonephridia (flame cells) are the excretory structures in some animals such as platyhelminthes, rotifers and cephalochordates.
The Reason is also true. NCERT explicitly states that protonephridia are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation (osmoregulation).
However, this does not explain why protonephridia are excretory organs. The Reason describes their primary physiological function, not the basis for classifying them as excretory organs. They are termed excretory organs because they participate in the elimination of wastes, although their predominant role is osmoregulation.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between the classification of an organ (as an excretory organ) and its predominant physiological role (osmoregulation). It is designed to identify students who equate a structure’s primary function with the reason for its classification.

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8. A: Ammonia is produced as a metabolic nitrogenous waste in ammonotelic, ureotelic and uricotelic animals.
R: In ureotelic and uricotelic animals, ammonia is converted into uric acid and urea, respectively, before excretion.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true because ammonia is the initial nitrogenous waste produced during amino acid metabolism in ammonotelic, ureotelic and uricotelic animals.
The Reason is false because the conversion products have been interchanged. In ureotelic animals, ammonia is converted into urea, whereas in uricotelic animals, it is converted into uric acid before excretion.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students correctly associate each class of animals with its corresponding major nitrogenous excretory product. It identifies confusion caused by interchanging the products of ureotelic and uricotelic animals.

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9. A: The collecting duct is the last part of the nephron.
R: It directly opens into the ureter.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the collecting duct is not a part of the nephron. It receives filtrate from many nephrons and extends through the renal medulla.
The Reason is false. NCERT states that the collecting ducts converge to form ducts that open into the renal pelvis through the medullary pyramids (papillae). The urine then passes from the renal pelvis into the ureter. Therefore, the collecting duct does not directly open into the ureter.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between the nephron and the collecting duct and correctly identify the pathway of urine flow within the kidney. It addresses the common misconception that the collecting duct is part of the nephron or that it empties directly into the ureter.

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10. A: If a GFR of 125 mL/min decreases by 10%, the arithmetical value is 112.5 mL/min.
R: The number (110 mL/min) could be reasonable as an estimate since it is affected by many factors.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the normal GFR is approximately 125 mL/min. A 10% reduction gives an arithmetical value of 112.5 mL/min.
The Reason is true as a logical inference. Since the normal GFR is an approximate physiological value and is influenced by several regulatory factors, 110 mL/min may be considered a reasonable rounded estimate in a physiological context.
However, the Reason does not explain the Assertion. The Assertion is based on a simple mathematical calculation, whereas the Reason refers to physiological approximation.
Pedagogical Value
This question distinguishes between an exact mathematical result and a reasonable biological estimate. It encourages students to recognise when precision is required and when physiological values are expressed as approximations.

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11. A: The kidney is a tubular organ.
R: Its functional units, called nephrons, are highly tubular.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false because the kidney is a compact, bean-shaped organ, not a tubular organ. Although the kidney contains numerous tubular structures, the organ itself is not tubular.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that each kidney contains about one million nephrons, the structural and functional units of the kidney. Each nephron is a highly specialised tubular structure consisting of the renal tubule and the Malpighian corpuscle.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between the morphology of an organ and the structure of its functional units. It reinforces that while nephrons are highly tubular, the kidney itself is a bean-shaped organ.

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12. A: In human kidneys, ammonia is not produced.
R: Humans are ureotelic.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. Although humans are ureotelic and excrete urea as the major nitrogenous waste, the kidneys also produce small amounts of ammonia in the renal tubules. This ammonia plays an important role in maintaining the acid–base balance of the body by facilitating the excretion of hydrogen ions.
The Reason is true. NCERT classifies humans as ureotelic because urea is the major nitrogenous waste excreted.
Since humans being ureotelic, it does not imply that the kidneys produce no ammonia.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students understand that ureotelic means urea is the major nitrogenous waste, not the only nitrogenous compound associated with the kidneys. It also distinguishes between the major excretory product and substances produced locally for physiological functions.

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13. A: The kidneys are the major excretory organs in the human body.
R: The kidneys produce and remove the major nitrogenous waste in humans.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the kidneys are the principal excretory organs in humans and are responsible for the elimination of metabolic wastes and the regulation of water and ionic balance.
The Reason is false because the kidneys do not produce the major nitrogenous waste, urea. Urea is synthesised in the liver through the urea cycle and is transported by the blood to the kidneys, where it is filtered and excreted in the urine. Thus, the kidneys remove the major nitrogenous waste but do not produce it.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between the site of synthesis and the site of excretion of urea. It reinforces the integration of concepts from the Excretory Products and Their Elimination and Biomolecules/Chemical Coordination topics.

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14. A: Each nephron has two parts.
R: They are the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that each nephron has two parts.
The Reason is false in the context of NCERT. NCERT identifies the two parts of a nephron as the glomerulus and the renal tubule, not the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. Although the renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, NCERT does not describe the nephron using this terminology in this context.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between the terms glomerulus and renal corpuscle instead of treating them as synonyms. It reinforces that a renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, whereas NCERT identifies the two parts of a nephron in this context as the glomerulus and the renal tubule. The question assesses careful reading of NCERT terminology and discourages substitution with related but non-equivalent anatomical terms.

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15. A: Most terrestrial organisms are ammonotelic.
R: Terrestrial adaptation necessitated the production of less toxic nitrogenous wastes for the conservation of water in these organisms.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false because NCERT states that most terrestrial animals are ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic. Ammonotelism is characteristic of many aquatic animals, where abundant water is available for the elimination of highly toxic ammonia.
The Reason is true. NCERT states that terrestrial adaptation led to the evolution of less toxic nitrogenous wastes, which require less water for excretion, thereby conserving water.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests students’ understanding of the relationship between habitat and the type of nitrogenous waste excreted. It reinforces that terrestrial adaptation favoured ureotelism and uricotelism for water conservation rather than ammonotelism.

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16. A: The proximal limb of Henle’s loop is permeable to water and almost impermeable to solutes.
R: This physiological adaptation helps maintain an increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that the descending (proximal) limb of Henle’s loop is permeable to water and almost impermeable to electrolytes (solutes).
The Reason is also true. As the filtrate descends through the water-permeable limb, water moves out into the increasingly hyperosmotic medullary interstitium. This contributes to the establishment and maintenance of the medullary osmotic gradient, with osmolarity increasing towards the inner medulla. Thus, the differential permeability of the proximal (descending) limb is one of the adaptations that enables the generation and maintenance of this gradient.
Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can correctly interpret the anatomical term “proximal” instead of relying solely on the NCERT phrase “descending limb.” It encourages learners to use positional terminology to infer nephron anatomy and relate the selective permeability of the proximal limb to the generation of the medullary osmotic gradient.

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17. A: Each nephron has two parts.
R: They are the renal tubule and the collecting ducts.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true. NCERT states that each nephron has two parts.
The Reason is false. According to NCERT, the two parts of a nephron are the glomerulus and the renal tubule. The collecting duct is not a part of the nephron; it receives filtrate from many nephrons and conveys it further through the renal medulla.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can correctly identify the structural components of a nephron. It specifically addresses the common misconception that the collecting duct is a part of the nephron because it receives filtrate from nephrons.

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18. A: If a person’s kidneys contain millions of juxtamedullary nephrons, he/she does not need to drink much water (comparit).
R: The ability to concentrate urine is greater; hence, water loss is minimal.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is true as a logical inference from NCERT. NCERT states that juxtamedullary nephrons play a significant role in concentrating urine. If a hypothetical person possessed millions of juxtamedullary nephrons (instead of predominantly cortical nephrons), the kidneys would conserve water more efficiently. Consequently, comparatively less water intake would be required to maintain water balance.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests students’ ability to extend NCERT concepts to a hypothetical physiological situation. Rather than recalling facts, it requires them to infer how an increased proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons would influence urine concentration and water conservation.

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19. A: Henle’s loop is water-impermeable and ion-permeable.
R: To generate the medullary interstitial gradient, Henle’s loop has evolved in the mentioned way.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the descending limb of Henle’s loop is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes, whereas the ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows the transport of electrolytes. Hence, the entire Henle’s loop cannot be described as water-impermeable and ion-permeable.
The Reason is false because the phrase “the mentioned way” refers to the incorrect permeability described in the Assertion. The medullary interstitial gradient is generated by the differential permeability of the descending and ascending limbs of Henle’s loop, not by the incorrect permeability pattern stated in the Assertion.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students recognise that the Reason depends on the incorrect permeability pattern stated in the Assertion. It assesses both conceptual understanding of the counter-current mechanism and careful interpretation of referential phrases such as “the mentioned way.”

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20. A: The kidneys are situated outside the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity.
R: This wall is known as the peritoneal cavity, and this positioning is referred to as retroperitoneal.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
E. Both A and R are false.

NCERT-Based Explanation
The Assertion is false. NCERT states that the kidneys are situated close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity, not outside it.
The Reason is false. The dorsal inner wall and the peritoneal cavity are different anatomical entities. Hence, the statement “This wall is known as the peritoneal cavity” is incorrect. Consequently, the explanation involving the term retroperitoneal is also incorrect.
Pedagogical Value
This question tests whether students can distinguish between closely related anatomical terms through logical reasoning rather than memorisation. It encourages careful reading of NCERT terminology and avoids confusing a wall with a cavity, demonstrating that many seemingly difficult questions can be answered using basic conceptual logic.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank

Step into MIUN, where Biology champions are made! At Miun, we are unwaveringly dedicated to ensuring your success. Our 1430 true or false questions from Excretory Products and their Elimination question Bank Questions have been meticulously crafted. These questions are designed by experts specifically for the NEET syllabus based on NCERT alone. They guarantee a comprehensive understanding of each topic.MIUN take pride in cultivating a supportive learning community where every student is empowered to excel with confidence and ease. Join us now and embark on a journey to conquer the NEET with flying colors! NCERT chapter link https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/kebo116.pdf

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Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs

Excretory Products and their Elimination is a crucial topic for NEET aspirants. Let’s explore why it’s important:

“Excretory Products and their Elimination” is another crucial topic for NEET preparation. This topic focuses on the processes by which organisms eliminate waste products from their bodies and maintain internal homeostasis. Here’s why it’s important:

Waste Elimination: NEET often covers the various waste products generated by metabolic processes in organisms, including ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, and water. Understanding how these waste products are produced and eliminated is essential for comprehending overall metabolic processes.
Excretory Organs and Structures: NEET may include questions about the excretory organs and structures responsible for removing waste products from the body. This includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra (in humans), as well as other excretory organs in different organisms.
Kidney Function: A significant portion of the NEET syllabus focuses on the structure and function of the kidneys, which play a central role in filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and excreting waste products in urine. Candidates are expected to understand the processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
Formation of Urine: NEET may cover the process by which urine is formed in the kidneys, including filtration of blood plasma, selective reabsorption of water and solutes, and secretion of additional substances into the urine. Understanding these processes is crucial for comprehending kidney function.
Osmoregulation and Water Balance: NEET may include questions about osmoregulation, the regulation of water and solute concentrations in the body, and how excretory organs maintain water balance and osmotic pressure. This includes understanding the role of hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone.
Excretory Systems in Different Organisms: NEET may cover excretory systems in various organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. Candidates should be familiar with the diversity of excretory structures and mechanisms across different species.
Excretory Disorders and Diseases: Knowledge of common excretory disorders and diseases, such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, renal failure, and diabetes insipidus, is essential for NEET. Candidates should understand the underlying causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for these conditions.

In summary, “Excretory Products and their Elimination” is an important topic for NEET preparation because it covers fundamental aspects of waste elimination, kidney function, osmoregulation, and excretory systems in organisms. Understanding this topic is essential for aspiring medical and dental students to succeed in the exam and pursue careers in healthcare.

Mastering this topic will enhance your overall understanding of human physiology. Best of luck with your NEET preparation! 🌟🩺📚

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