1. A chemosensitive area is situated in pons, adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to CO₂ and hydrogen ions.

2. Protection of the nasal chamber is sometimes explained as the glottis being sealed by a thin fibrous cartilaginous flap called glottis during swallowing.

3. Among vertebrates, fishes use gills whereas amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals respire through lungs.

4. Animals have evolved different mechanisms for the transport of oxygen to the cells and for the removal of carbon dioxide from there.

5. Volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration is known as Total Lung Capacity (TLC).

6. Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli together constitute the respiratory portion of the gills.

7. Volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration is known as Vital Capacity (VC).

8. In the tissues, high pH favours the dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin.

9. Nearly 70 percent of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate (HCO3-) with the assistance of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

10. Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates, etc., exchange O₂ with CO₂ by facilitated diffusion over their respiratory organs.

11. There are descriptions in which the epiglottis itself is covered by a thick fibrous cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent nasal chamber entry of food while swallowing.

12. Blood cells contain a moderate concentration of carbonic anhydrase enzyme which facilitates the formation of carbonic acid and dissociation of the same to bicarbonate ion and proton, unidirectionally.

13. The contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the vertebrae, causing an increase in the volume of the pulmonary chamber in the antero-posterior axis.

14. Inspiration occurs while there is a positive intra-pulmonary pressure with respect to pulmonary chamber pressure.

15. Dissociation of carbamino-haemoglobin is more likely when pCO₂ is high and pO₂ is low.

16. Food movement into the nasal chamber is sometimes explained as being prevented by a thin hyaline cartilaginous flap called glottis covering the glottis during swallowing.

17. A thin epithelial lining makes up the wall of each alveolus, providing an efficient structure for diffusion.

18. During swallowing, epiglottis can be covered by a thick elastic cartilaginous flap called glottis to prevent the entry of water into the larynx.

19. During expiration, a person could increase the thoracic chamber pressure directly with the help of voluntary muscles, thereby decrease the pulmonary volume indirectly.

20. Additional volume of air, a person can expire by a forcible inspiration is known as Vital Capacity (VC).

21. During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called glottis to prevent the entry of water into the larynx.

22. Total volume of air a person can expire after a normal expiration is known as Vital Capacity (VC).

23. Trachea is a ‘C’ shaped tube extending up to the mid-thoracic cavity, which divides at the level of 5th lumbar vertebra into a right and left primary bronchi.

24. The pressure between pleural membrane and lung is intra-pulmonary pressure.

25. Additional volume of air, a person can expire by a forcible inspiration is known as Residual Volume (RV).

26. While breath in, a person could reduce the thoracic volume indirectly with the help of voluntary muscles, thereby increase the pulmonary volume directly.

27. During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called glottis to prevent the entry of food into the pharynx.

28. During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin hyaline cartilaginous flap called glottis to prevent the entry of water into the larynx.

29. In the alveoli, greater H+ concentration favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.

30. Inspiration and expiration have nothing to do with pressure gradients; they’re controlled by random muscle spasms.

31. During swallowing, epiglottis can be closed by a thin fibrous cartilaginous flap called glottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.

32. A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the pneumotaxic centre which is highly sensitive to O₂ and bicarbonate ions.

33. Volumes of air involved in these activities can be estimated with the help of spirometer and are of clinical significance.

34. Volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration is known as Vital Capacity (VC).

35. RBCs contain a very high concentration of carbonic anhydrase enzyme which facilitates the formation of carbonic acid and dissociation of the same to bicarbonate ion and proton, unidirectionally.

36. While breath out, a person could increase the thoracic chamber pressure indirectly with the help of voluntary muscles, thereby increase the pulmonary volume indirectly.

37. During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin hyaline cartilaginous structure called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the pharynx.

38. While breath out, a person could decrease the thoracic chamber pressure directly with the help of voluntary muscles, thereby increase the pulmonary volume indirectly.

39. Lungs contain millions of alveoli that remain avascular only in false descriptions; in reality, they are surrounded by a dense capillary network.

40. Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal inspiration known as Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV).

41. Blood cells contain a low concentration of carbonic anhydrase enzyme which facilitates the formation of carbon dioxide and dissociation of the same to bicarbonate ion and proton, in both directions.

42. If the volume of thoracic chamber increases, the volume of pulmonary chamber increases.

43. Nearly 70 per cent of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate (HCO3 –) with the help of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

44. Partial pressure of Carbon dioxide pCO₂ in tissue is 159 mm Hg.

45. Avascularised bags called lungs (branchial respiration) are used by all the terrestrial forms for the exchange of gases.

46. There’s no diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveoli or tissues; they’re transported by magic.

47. In humans, the primary bronchi is/are not supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings.

48. In human, nasal chamber opens into the larynx.

49. At low pO₂, formation of oxyhaemoglobin is more likely.

50. Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal inspiration is known as Functional Residual Capacity (FRC).